![]() ![]() 4.2.3 Replications and Statistical Analysis of Output.4.2.2 Initial Experimentation and Analysis.4.2 Model 4-1: First Project Using the Standard Library Objects.4.1.8 Moving/Configuring Windows and Tabs. ![]() 3.4.2 Special-Purpose Simulation Software.3.4.1 General-Purpose Programming Languages.3.4 Software Options for Dynamic Simulation.3.3.2 Model 3-6: Single-Server Queueing Delays.3.3.1 Model 3-5: Manual Dynamic Simulation.3.3 Dynamic Simulation Without Special Software.3.2.4 Model 3-4: New Product Decision Model.3.2.3 Model 3-3: Single-Period Inventory Profits.3.2.2 Model 3-2: Monte-Carlo Integration.3.1.3 Deterministic vs. Stochastic Models.3.1.2 Continuous-Change vs. Discrete-Change Dynamic Models.2.3 Specific Results for Some Multiserver Queueing Stations.2.1 Queueing-System Structure and Terminology.1.5.5 Stakeholder and Simulationist Bills of Rights.1.3.1 Randomness in Simulation and Random Variables.1.3 Randomness and the Simulation Process.In order to obtain accurate simulation results the more detailed 2-D reactor model is required, even if this increases the computational effort. Only when the coke model is coupled to a 2-D reactor model, a good agreement with the reference data is observed. The effect of the radial gradients on the coking rate calculated with a fundamental kinetic coking model based on elementary reaction steps is even more pronounced. In this small-diameter reactor the 1-D behavior is more pronounced, resulting in higher ethylene yields at comparable conversions. This effect is confirmed by the calculation of a reactor of a Kellogg Millisecond Furnace. Ethylene formed at the high-temperature zone near the hot wall diffuses to the center where secondary reactions are favored, generating C3 and C4 olefins. With a 2-D reactor model the simulated ethylene yield decreases. The effect of using a 1-D or a 2-D reactor model on the calculated product yields is evaluated for the cracking of ethane. Radial temperature profiles during steam cracking result in radial nonuniformities in the product yields due to radial variations in the concentration of the radicals. ![]()
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